What are data? An explanation for beginners

In everyday life, we often hear about data in various contexts, whether in technology, business, or even daily activities. But what exactly are data, and why are they so important? In this article, I will explain this fundamental concept in a clear and accessible way.

What are data?

Data are records of information about something that has happened or been measured. They can take the form of numbers, text, images, sounds, or any other type of content that can be stored and analyzed.

For example, if you measure the temperature of a room and record 25°C, that number is a piece of data. Similarly, a list of names of event participants is also a dataset.

Types of data

Data can be classified in different ways, depending on their structure and purpose. Some of the main types include:

• Structured data – Organized in a standardized way, such as in tables and databases. Example: customer records with name, age, and address.

• Unstructured data – Do not follow a specific format and may include free-text, images, videos, and audio files. Example: comments on social media.

• Qualitative data – Describe characteristics or qualities without numerical values. Example: customer preferences for a product.

• Quantitative data – Represent measurable quantities and are expressed numerically. Example: the number of sales in a month.

How are data used?

When properly organized and analyzed, data turn into valuable information for various fields. Some common applications include:

• Businesses – Analyze data to understand consumer behavior and make strategic decisions.

• Science and research – Use data to study phenomena, validate hypotheses, and develop new technologies.

• Technology and artificial intelligence – Apps, virtual assistants, and digital platforms use data to personalize experiences and improve services.

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The importance of data today

With the digitization of processes and technological advancements, data have become one of the most valuable assets in the modern world. They help optimize operations, enhance user experiences, and even predict future trends.

Understanding what data are and how they can be used is essential for anyone who wants to keep up with technological changes and take advantage of new opportunities.

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